Legal Briefs
‘Debt Collection Terrorist’ Sues Protection Legal Group and Corporate Bailout
May 13, 2017
A new crop of supposed debt relief companies are beginning to take fire from all sides. In this latest case, Mark D. Giubaldi & Associates, LLC DBA Protection Legal Group and Corporate Bailout LLC, have once again found themselves on the receiving end of a complaint. On Wednesday, May 10th, Craig Cunningham, a once self-proclaimed debt collection terrorist and famous TCPA litigant, filed a lawsuit in the Northern District of Texas to seek out more than $1 million in damages for alleged unsolicited robocalls to his cell phone.
Cunningham, who goes by the screen name Codename47 on the fatwallet.com forum, previously authored a post titled, “TCPA enforcement for fun and for profit up to 3k per call” and is well known in the TCPA plaintiff community. In the complaint against Protection Legal Group and Corporate Bailout, he claims that they called him more than 50 times to ask about supposed “merchant cash advance loans” he had outstanding. The deeply troubling problem with that, according to the complaint, is that Cunningham doesn’t have any such thing.
When the calls connected to an agent, the Plaintiff was told that he was called by the defendants and told that according to UCC filings, they had noticed the Plaintiff had several merchant cash advance loans out. In reality, there are no UCC filings, and the Plaintiff has no merchant cash advance loans outstanding. In every call, the Plaintiff noticed a delay between answering the phone and the call connecting with a live person, which is characteristic of an automated telephone dialing system.
These are just some of many harassing calls the Plaintiff has received and as Defendants are just content to knowingly call what could be wrong numbers, or uninterested individuals and are blanketing the nation with these unsolicited calls.
[…]
Additionally, in the above referenced telephone calls, Defendants and their agents falsely claimed to have information regarding alleged UCC filings of Plaintiff, which don’t exist and were never made.
These calls were knowingly and willfully placed and the Defendants had or should have ascertained they were calling the wrong person.
Additional lawsuits currently pending against Protection Legal Group allege that the company is practicing law without a license in New York and interfering with merchant cash advance contracts.
Craig Cunningham v. Mark D. Guidubaldi & Associates LLC DBA Protection Legal Group, and Corporate Bailout LLC was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas under case # 3:17-cv-01238-L.
Exercise of Ordinary Intelligence Would’ve Revealed Merchant Cash Advance Contract Was Not a Loan, Court Says
May 9, 2017
In the New York Supreme Court, the Honorable Linda S. Jamieson was tasked with ruling on twelve causes of action in a merchant cash advance contract case. While the 18-page decision covers a lot of ground, one notable section was the plaintiffs’ request for rescission based on “misrepresentations or unilateral mistake” and “damages for fraudulent inducement.” According to the order, the plaintiffs, K9 Bytes, Inc., Epazz, Inc., Strantin, Inc., MS Health Inc., and Shaun Passley, “claim that the defendants misled them by representing that they were entering into “loans governed by usury laws,” but instead caused them “to enter into ‘merchant agreements.'” Exhibits on the docket attached by the plaintiffs purport to demonstrate the word loan being used in communications, though the judge noted that the plaintiffs failed to identify how the individuals in those communications specifically attributed to the defendants. Nevertheless, the judge was unmoved by plaintiffs given the overt language spelled out in the contract itself.
[The plaintiffs] state that they would not have knowingly entered into merchant agreements, because what they really wanted were loans. Indeed, plaintiffs allege that “the word ‘purchase’ or ‘sale’ would have caused Passley to decline a transaction with [defendants] because a loan – the product Passley wanted to obtain – is not a purchase or sale.”
A review of the contracts in this action shows that not only do they all clearly state that they involve purchases or sales, but they all expressly state they are not loans. Even if someone were confused by the contracts, or did not understand the obligation or the process, by reading the documents, one would grasp immediately that they certainly were not straightforward loans. The very first heading on the page was “Merchant Agreement,” and the second heading says “Purchase and Sale of Future Receivables.”
[…] For plaintiffs to state that they would not have entered into a purchase or sale if they had known that that is what they were doing is utterly undermined by the documents themselves. As the Second Department has held, in Karsanow v. Kuehlewein, 232 A.D.2d 458, 459, 648 NY.S.2d 465, 466 (2d Dept. 1996), “the subject provision was clearly set out in the … agreements, and where a party has the means available to him of knowing by the exercise of ordinary intelligence the truth or real quality of the subject of the representation, he must make use of those means or he will not be heard to complain that he was induced to enter into the transaction by misrepresentations.” So too here, plaintiffs had the means to understand that the agreements set forth that they were not loans. As it has long been settled that a party is bound by that which it signs, the Court finds that the ninth cause of action, for recission based on misrepresentation or mistake, and the tenth cause of action, for fraudulent inducement based on misrepresentation, must be dismissed as a matter of law. Pimpinello v. Swift & Co., 253 N.Y. 159, 162-63 (1930) (“the signer of a deed or other instrument, expressive of a jural act, is conclusively bound thereby. That his mind never gave asset to the terms expressed is not material. If the signer could read the instrument, not to have read it was gross negligence; if he could not have read it, not to procure it to be read was equally negligent; in either case the writing binds him.”).
The plaintiffs are likely to be disappointed with the rest of the ruling as well. The decision can be found in the New York Supreme Court in the County of Westchester under Index Number 54755/2016 or can be downloaded in full here.
MCA Company Wins Case After Judge Actually Reads the Contract
May 5, 2017
An explosive New York Supreme Court decision in December against a merchant cash advance company just lost some of its bite, thanks to a decision handed down by the Honorable Catherine M. Bartlett in Orange County.
By all accounts, plaintiff Merchant Funding Services, LLC (“MFS”) had reason to be worried when Long Island attorney Amos Weinberg appeared on behalf of defendants Micromanos Corporation and Atsumassa Tochisako. MFS and Weinberg squared off last year in an almost identical case when Weinberg represented a company named Volunteer Pharmacy, Inc. There, a Westchester County judge decided the agreement in question to be criminally usurious on its face, leaving no question of fact for a trier of fact to resolve. According to court records, Weinberg has been relying on that decision to bolster his legal arguments against other MCA agreements ever since.
But up in Orange County, less than an hour northwest of Westchester, the court there sided in favor of MFS on Thursday, even after being briefed on the Volunteer Pharmacy decision.
Defendants, citing Merchant Funding Services, LLC v. Volunteer Pharmacy Inc., 44 NYS3d 876 (Sup. Ct. Westchester. 2016), assert that a plenary action is not required in the circumstances of this case because the Secured Merchant Agreement is, on its face and as a matter of law, a criminally usurious loan. However, Defendants’ position is grounded on a dubious misreading of the Agreement.
Micromanos, like Volunteer Pharmacy, was seeking to vacate the confession of judgment entered against them by way of a motion rather than by filing an entirely new lawsuit.
Here, the judge not only rejected that the confession of judgment be vacated but she also admonished Micromanos for misleading the court over the actual wording of the contract in order to serve their argument.
The agreement on its face provided for MFS’s purchase of 15% of Micromanos’ future receipts until such time as the sum of $224,250 has been paid. Paragraph 1.8 of the Agreement recited the parties’ understanding – directly contrary to Defendants’ claims herein – that (1) MFS’ purchase price was being tendered in exchange for the specified amount of Micromanos’ future receipts, (2) that such purchase price “is not intended to be, nor shall it be construed as a loan from MFS to Merchant”, and (3) that payment by Micromanos to MFS “shall be conditioned upon Merchant’s sale of products and services and the payment therefore by Merchant’s customers…”
These provisions not withstanding, Defendants contend that the Addendum altered the essential nature of the Agreement by requiring a Daily Payment of $2,995.00 on pain of default, thereby eliminating any element of risk or contingency in the amount or timing of payment to MFS, and converting the Agreement into a criminally usurious loan bearing interest at the rate of 167% per annum. Not so. The Addendum expressly provided that the $2,995.00 Daily Payment was only “a good-faith approximation of the Specified Percentage” of 15% of Micromanos’ receipts, and that Micromanos was entitled to request a month-end reconciliation to ensure that the cumulative monthly payment did not exceed 15% of Micromanos’ receipts. Defendants’ contention that MFS was entitled under the Addendum to the $2,995.00 Daily Payment without being obliged to offer Micromanos a month-end reconciliation is founded on an incomplete and palpably misleading quotation of paragraph “d” of the Addendum.
According to Defendants, paragraph “d” states:
“The Merchant specifically acknowledges that ***the potential reconciliation*** [is] being provided to the Merchant as a courtesy, and MFS is under no obligation to provide same”.
As noted above, paragraph “d” actually states:
“The Merchant specifically acknowledges that: (I) the Daily Payment and the potential reconciliation discussed above are being provided to the Merchant as a courtesy, and that MFS is under no obligation to provide same, and (ii) if the Merchant fails to furnish the requested documentation within five (5) business days following the end of a calendar month, then MFS shall not effectuate the reconciliation discussed above.”
The Defendants’ omission fundamentally alters the meaning of paragraph “d”. Contrary to Defendants’ assertion, the gist of paragraph “d” is that the institution of the fixed Daily Payment plus month-end reconciliation mechanism as a substitute for Micromanos’ daily payment of 15% of its actual receipts was a non-obligatory courtesy. Paragraph “d” plainly does not enable MFS to require a $2,995.00 Daily Payment while concomitantly refusing Micromanos’ request for a reconciliation.
Defendants further contention that the Agreement as a matter of law eliminated all risk of hazard of nonpayment by placing Micromanos in default upon any material adverse change in its financial condition is not borne out by the language of the Agreement. Under Paragraphs 2.1 and 3.1 of the Agreement, Micromanos’ failure to report a material adverse change in its financial condition, not the adverse change itself, was defined as an event of default.
Therefore, the Secured Merchant Agreement is not on its face and as a matter of law a criminally usurious loan. Consequently, Defendants have failed to establish an exception to the general requirement that relief from a judgment entered against them upon the filing of an affidavit of confession of judgment must be sought by way of a separate plenary action.
It is therefore ORDERED, that Defendants’ motion is denied.
Alarmingly, court documents show that Micromanos attorney Amos Weinberg is relying on the same “incomplete and palpably misleading quotation” in other cases involving other merchant cash advance contracts to serve his arguments. Fortunately, in this case, the Honorable Catherine M. Bartlett compared his quotation of the contract to the actual language of the contract and saw they didn’t match up. While a decision from the Supreme Court in Orange County doesn’t mean that the matter is settled for good in New York State, it does potentially put the decision that arose from Volunteer Pharmacy on very shaky ground.
Merchant Funding Services, LLC v. Micromanos Corporation d/b/a Micromanos and Astsumassa Tochisako can be found in the New York Supreme Court under index number: EF000598-2017
Nulook Capital Bankruptcy Envelops PSC
April 27, 2017Nulook Capital was not the only casualty of its April 4th Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing. On Wednesday, April 26th, a federal judge in a separate action issued an order aimed at one of Nulook’s alleged creditors, PSC. PSC is also a Long Island-based company engaged in the merchant cash advance business.
In the order, the Honorable Arthur D. Spatt appointed a receiver for International Professional Services Inc. dba PSC and PSC Financial, granting him exclusive dominion and control over all of their assets, books, records and business affairs.
PSC was originally listed as a creditor in the Nulook bankruptcy with $400,000 owed. Another creditor however, GWG MCA Capital, Inc., argued that PSC had interfered with its first position lien and taken possession of its collateral. Alas, in the suit that GWG brought, the court found the full extent of their arguments compelling enough to appoint a receiver over PSC.
A Tale of “Debt Restructuring”?
April 19, 2017
Here’s a doozy for you: A merchant signed an agreement with a purported law firm on September 29, 2016 for assistance with restructuring their debts. As part of that agreement, the law firm, which goes by the name Protection Legal Group, LLC, also offers “Litigation Defense Services” in case the merchant gets sued for non-payment of debts. The basic “non-legal” services alone, however, required that this merchant pay approximately $100,000 to Protection Legal Group, according to court filings. That’s a pretty hefty service fee for a business that was only claiming $400,000 in debts, most of which it improperly classified as debt since they were actually sales of future receivables.
The very next day, a merchant cash advance (MCA) company sued the merchant in New York for breach of contract, claiming that they were owed more than $300,000. And three months later, the merchant, represented by an attorney named Amos Weinberg, sued the first law firm that they hired. According to that complaint, filed on January 6, 2017, Protection Legal Group never even contacted the MCA company even though they were hired to negotiate with them specifically. Stranger yet, the merchant alleges that Protection Legal Group could not even have defended them in litigation because the MCA agreement’s jurisdiction was New York and Protection Legal Group has no lawyers that are licensed in that state. Naturally, the complaint further alleges that Protection Legal Group accepted payments anyway and has refused to return it.
The merchant’s new attorney, Amos Weinberg, is no friend to MCA companies, according to New York court records. Nevertheless, he offers harsh words for these new purported debt restructuring companies on his blog. “A growing industry that preys on people all over the country who are sued in New York is the debt resolution industry,” he wrote. “These companies promise to settle lawsuits for a portion of the sum sued by inducing the client to stop paying the creditor and instead pay sizeable weekly sums into an escrow account.” He then goes on to call out Protection Legal Group by name.
To summarize, a merchant hired a lawyer for an exorbitant fee to restructure their debts that weren’t debts, got sued and then had to hire a lawyer to sue their lawyer.
Protection Legal Group is also being sued by Forward Financing, an MCA company, for interfering with its contracts. That story has made the news in legal circles.
Court documents show that Protection Legal Group is fighting on another front as well since less than three weeks ago, a class action lawsuit (Case: 1:17-cv-02445) was filed against them for violating the TCPA. According to the complaint, they are allegedly marketing their services via pre-recorded voice messages to cell phones.
As an aside, most MCA contracts already permit merchants to have their payments lowered in the event that their revenues drop. Typically, they just need to send in their recent banking activity to demonstrate the drop and the MCA company will reimburse the merchant for anything collected above the specified percentage of sales. As this is a fundamental part of the agreement, the merchant shouldn’t require a debt negotiator or an expensive attorney to aid them with this.
MCA Case One of the Most Notable of the Year for Factoring Industry
April 17, 2017
At the 2017 Factoring Conference in Fort Worth, TX, industry attorney and talk radio show host Bob Zadek, cited Merchant Cash & Capital, LLC v G&E Asian American Enterprise., Inc. as one of the most notable legal decisions in 2016.
The contract in question was a purchase of future receivables, i.e. a merchant cash cash advance. A summary of the decision appeared on the Usury Law Blog last year.
During Zadek’s Reports from the Courts session at the conference, he summarized the lessons as follows:
This case is interesting because it appears to confirm that a common contract structure utilized by merchant cash advance companies protects them from usury defenses. When analyzing whether a transaction is usurious, courts look to whether usurious interest is or will be charged to the Borrower from inception of the transaction. Subsequent events do not affect the analysis.
To paraphrase what Zadek also said, the New York Court correctly acknowledged that usury cannot be backwards-looking.
In that case, the MCA company was represented by New York attorney Christopher Murray of Giuliano McDonnell & Perrone, LLP
Update in the Argon Credit Bankruptcy Case
March 31, 2017On March 28th, United States Bankruptcy Judge Deborah L. Thorne, ordered the trustee in the Argon Credit case to transfer the net proceeds and loan portfolio payments to the biggest creditor, Fund Recovery Services (FRS). That cash will be used to satisfy the approved secured claim of $37.3 million. FRS is an assignee of Princeton Alternative Income Fund, LP. Argon Credit was an online consumer lender that made loans between $2,000 and $35,000 with APRs ranging from 4.99% to 149%.
Initially, Argon Credit had applied for Chapter 11 bankruptcy after “experiencing financial difficulty,” though allegations of improprieties and mismanagement have come up in the legal filings. When FRS tried to stop their collateral from being spent, Argon argued in court that such a thing was unnecessary because they had more than enough collateral to pay off their debt to FRS, including $5.5 million worth of leads. By FRS’s calculations, the leads were worth as little as $1,500, not millions. Ultimately, the judge attributed no value to them.
The case was converted to Chapter 7 and FRS should be able to get repaid.
Legal Battles to Keep an Eye On
February 18, 2017CFPB
The CFPB’s organizational structure might not be unconstitutional after all. The D.C. Circuit which originally concluded it was unconstitutional, has decided to rehear the case. Oral arguments on the matter are scheduled to take place on May 24, 2017. A detailed summary of the issues can be found on The National Law Review.
TCPA law
Serial litigant Craig Cunningham is one of two petitioners behind the challenge to an FCC interpretation of what constitutes “prior express consent.” Specifically, the petitioners want to get rid of implied consent resulting from a party’s providing a telephone number to the caller. The FCC has called upon the public to comment. If the FCC indeed decides to narrow the scope of their interpretation, it would become easier for litigants like Cunningham to bring lawsuits. Read a longer brief of the issue here.
New York Lending License
Governor Cuomo’s budget proposal contains changes to Section 340 of New York’s banking law and it has the potential to completely change the alternative landscape in the state. Read a full analysis here.
Platinum Rapid Funding Group Ltd v VIP Limousine Services Inc. and Charles Cotton
After a landmark trial court decision surrounding merchant cash advance last year, plaintiff Platinum Rapid Funding Group went on to obtain a judgment against defendants in an amount exceeding $100,000. However, filed papers on the docket show the case may be heading to the Appellate Division.
Merchant Funding Services, LLC v. Volunteer Pharmacy Inc
Merchant cash advance companies may find themselves having to answer for an unfavorable ruling issued in Westchester County, New York, in which a judge vacated a Confession of Judgment and voided the underlying future receivables transaction. A more in-depth brief can be read here. Notably, the judge in that decision was the same one that decided Pearl Capital Rivis Ventures, LLC v. RDN Construction, Inc.
